Java Syntax Converting Strings to Numbers

Typically in a graphical user interface, there will be text fields that are expecting the user to enter in a numerical value. This number value will end up in a String object which doesnt really help your program if you want to do some arithmetic. Fortunately, there are wrapper classes that provide methods for converting those String values into numbers and the String class has a method to convert them back again. Wrapper Classes The primitive data types that deal with numbers (i.e, byte, int, double, float, long, and short) all have class equivalents. These classes are known as wrapper classes as they take a primitive data type, and surround it with the functionality of a class. For example, the Double class will have a double value as its data and provide methods for manipulating that value. All of these wrapper classes have a method called valueOf. This method takes a String as an argument and returns an instance of the wrapper class. For example, lets say we have a String with the value of ten: String number 10; Having this number as a String is no use to us so we use the Integer class to convert it into an Integer object: Integer convertedNumber Integer.valueOf(number); Now the number can be used as a number and not a String: convertedNumber convertedNumber 20; You can also make the conversion go straight to a primitive data type: int convertedNumber Integer.valueOf(number).intValue(); For other primitive data types, you just slot in the correct wrapper class—Byte, Integer, Double, Float, Long Short. Note: You must make sure the String can be parsed into the appropriate data type. If it cant you will end up with a runtime error. For example, trying to covert ten into an integer: String number ten;int convertedNumber Integer.valueOf(number).intValue(); will produce a NumberFormatException because the compiler has no idea ten is supposed to be 10. More subtly the same error will occur if you forget that an int can only hold whole numbers: String number 10.5;int convertedNumber Integer.valueOf(number).intValue(); The compiler wont truncate the number it will just think that it doesnt fit into an int and that its time to throw a NumberFormatException. Converting Numbers to Strings To make a number into a String follows the same sort of pattern as the String class has a valueOf method too. It can take any of the primitive data type numbers as an argument and produce a String: int numberTwenty 20; String converted String.valueOf(numberTwenty); which puts 20 as the String value of co nverted. or you can use the toString method of any of the wrapper classes: String converted Integer.toString(numberTwenty); The toString method is common to all object types—most of the time it is just a description of the object. For wrapper classes, this description is the actual value they contain. In this direction, the conversion is a bit more robust. If the Double class was to be used instead of the Integer: String converted Double.toString(numberTwenty); the result would not cause a runtime error. The converted variable would contain the String 20.0. There is also a more subtle way to convert numbers when you are concatenating Strings. If a String was to be built like: String aboutDog My dog is numberTwenty years old.; the conversion of the int numberTwenty is automatically done.

Communication The Essential Factors That Affect The...

Communication is one of the essential factors to maintain a good quality of life because it allows humans to interact and to provide comfort. Communication includes verbal and nonverbal. During verbal communication, there are many factors that affect the choice of words. For example, age, race, socioeconomic status, education background, gender, place, and situation are the factors. Nonverbal communication includes body language, facial expressions, and active listening. The ability to classify information in ways that can be understood by self and others would be severely impaired if spoken languages were not used (ArnoldBoggs, 1999). In hospitals, the importance of communication becomes even more evident. Not only a lot of information is given and understood by communicating, but also a patient’s needs and feelings are mostly learned through communication. Therefore, therapeutic communication is as important as knowledge, evidence based practice, and so on. But, ofte n significance of therapeutic communication is forgotten. So, the importance of effective communication should be thoroughly discussed and learned. Importance in professional practice: Therapeutic nurse-patient communication helps nurses to build positive relationships with patients by showing warmth, respect, and empathy. It also increases confidence of the nurse by enabling nurses to ask for support, open up for feedbacks, and overcome anxiety. Therefore allows nurses to provide theShow MoreRelatedThe Different Reasons People Communicate1489 Words   |  6 Pagesencouragement and share opinion. Communication is a tool with which influence can be exercised on others. People communicate their views, wishes and passes their information to others such as information about their health or a warning. Communication is a tool used by service users and care workers in work environment to gain an understanding of the care either to be received or be provided. 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Program Planning and Evaluation in Public Health -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProgram Planning and Evaluation in Public Health for Income. Answer: Developing the Patients Experience Measure Measuring patients experience is not only significant because individuals care experiences are associated with clinical costs and income, but it also controls health care service improvement. The manner in which patients experience the health services offered to them is a critical component to determining the quality of care in the health care system. So as to provide care that addresses the specific needs of every patient, one needs to understand what patient experience is all about. Patients need care that will satisfy their needs and values. To assess patient experience, one needs to examine the various aspects that constitute the patient experience, including how responsive the hospital is staff is towards the preferences of the patient. Usually, assessing patient experience should be carried out in conjunction with other critical aspects that include, but are not limited to safety and efficiency of the offered care. Patient-centeredness is the best measure of patient experience as suggested by the Institute of Medicine (IMO) (Browne, Roseman, ShallerEdgman-Levitan, 2010). A strategic way of measuring if care is patient-centered is through fathoming persons who have associated themselves with the healthcare system. Some of the questions which ought to be asked to the patients include whether there exist effective coordination amid care providers, availability of healthcare information and responsiveness of clinical staff to the patients, effective communication between the clinicians and the patients, and ease of scheduling appointments with the clinical staff. Another important way of measuring patient centeredness includes how the care providers engage a patient as a whole individual in health promotion, disease management, and in decision-making. Moreover, the assessment of patients experience should include patients experiences with nursing homes, dialysis centers, and health plans. It is important to note that the measure is needed since it can offer an opportunity to meritoriously monitor and manage health care performance, meet patients expectations, enhance strategic decision-making, and to improve care. According to Browne, Roseman, Shaller, and Edgman-Levitan, (2010), measurement of patients experiences can also act as a platform which informs healthcare organizations on the utilization of resources, improvement of clinical outcome and processes as well as enhancement of safety. Some of the measures such as staff quality measure is not sufficient since it does not involve patients who are the primary stakeholders in the healthcare setting. It is essential to allow the patients give their views regarding the care which they receive. Mixed methods can also be used to help in measuring the patient experience. Mixed methods incorporate both the qualitative and quantitative approaches, therefore, can aid in gaining broader perspectives of the patients. Notably, quantitative data is useful for documenting quantifiable and benchmarking. The assessment methods can be utilized at the time of care as well as a few minutes after the care was received. Notably, the targeted population for patient experience measurement includes the sick in the hospitals and people who have previously encountered care. It is important to conduct interviews and release questionnaires to help in carrying out the measurements. The interviews and the questionnaires should be performed on both the patients and the care providers. Testing the Measure The Patient experience measure is a crucial step towards improving and understanding care quality. Essentially, there is a need for a positive patient experience is it is a critical goal as one of the quality measures. In the hospital settings, it is important that the health care givers understand this aspect to greater length as it is a key step towards ensuring that patient-centered care is afforded to the patient. One is able to tell the extent the [patients are being offered responsive and respectful care that is tied to their individual needs simply by looking at the aspects of the patient experience. As such, in quest to provide a complete picture of quality health care, one needs to assess patient experienced alongside such components as values, preferences and needs. Evidently, there is a positive link between care processes and outcomes and various patient experience facets including good communication amid caregivers and patients. The data can divulge system problems, for instance, gaps in communication and coordination, delays in availing test results; which can have critical efficiency and quality implications. The study is stationed to take place in hospitals and homes, and it would be conducted by medical officers and researchers. The study would involve interviewing patients as well people who have previously encountered care. These persons would have to give their feedback in regards to the received care and treatment. Data on patients satisfaction and experience with gynecologists and obstetricians are to be obtained as the patients come out of different healthcare facilities. An examination of different surveys concerning visits to gynecologists and obstetricians ought to be done. In this regards, patients are to be questioned to rate their experiences and satisfaction with the medical practitioners. The study relies on patients and healthcare professionals since they are the key figures in the healthcare setting. The project is worth reliabl e because it provides basic things such patient satisfaction in the healthcare sector which needed to be considered when providing service to patients. To prove the reliability as well as the validity of the study, the survey is governed by particular principles which are specifically meant to make sure that the study is scientifically sound as well give information which is actionable, understandable, and specific. The tenets expedited the report design, content, and study administration (Browne, Roseman, ShallerEdgman-Levitan, 2010). The assessment would specifically ask about some of the aspects of care which are deemed vital by patients. The researchers also majored on building on available tools and existing research to increase the reliability and validity of the study. In the same token, the pilot study is to consist of 1904 gynecologists and obstetricians, 6034 other specialists, and patients to provide a better validity. Notably, Pearsons Chi-square test was implemented to test the significance between the mean of patients satisfaction score crosswise gynecologists and obstetricians. The Pearsons Chi-square test would also help in providing a higher validity and reliability of the research. The research would demonstrate that clinical care processes correlate with patient experiences in the healthcare, especially service delivery and the interaction between the patients and the medical practitioners. Using the Measure Outstandingly, Patient experience measure was chosen over other measurements since its efforts can aid the healthcare providers, administrators, and researchers gain acumen into family/patient experiences. By definition, patient experience may include the interactions that patients may encounter with the hospital or the healthcare systems in general. In essence, this healthcare system may include practices of the physicians, the doctors, nurses care, healthcare facilities as well as health plans. Basically, the patient experience encompasses aspects like easy access to information, timely appointments and communications with the caregivers. It is imperative to note that this measure is needed since it can offer an opportunity to efficiently monitor and manage health care performance, improve care, meet patients expectations, and enhance strategic decision-making in the healthcare sector. The measure would enable the medical practitioners, for instance, gynecologists and obstetricians provide services which would increase patient satisfaction. The use of patients information can act as a vital strategy to drive the general system transformation as well as transform healthcare practices. One of the steps to speed up the completion of the survey would encompass involving highly skilled researchers who can get the intended information from the respondents. The researchers would examine surveys as regards to visits to gynecologists and obstetricians and exclude data on primary medical practitioners to result in a sample of 20,890. Patients would be inquired to rate their satisfactions with the visits on a scale of 1 to 10. The rating would be based on assessing the care, thoroughness, physicians communication, demeanor, and treatment success, discussion of the test outcomes as well as the inclusion of the patients in decision-making. With a sample size of 6034, the gynecologists and obstetricians were rated the best obtaining a mean of 66.91 while other specialists were garnering a mean of 57.06. In this regards, it is possible to note that patients satisfaction score was ominously high for visits to gynecologists and obstetricians in comparison to other specialists (Patel et al. 2011). The research also analyzed that to achieve better patient satisfaction, it is essential to minimize patients waiting time, enhance effective communication with the patients, offer flexible and efficient appointment scheduling, and project attentiveness, calmness, openness, and kindness when listening to patients. Some of the ethical issues during the study included language barrier, diversity in culture, as well as beliefs. Many patients came from different backgrounds and, therefore, cease to seek medical attention from some specialists due to a language barrier. However, the research recommended that such people should be offere d medical translators who can assist them in getting quality care. Notably, the project is relevant to some of the special topics covered in the last week; course, for example, the discussion on the role of nurses in care delivery. Finally, it is important to note that patient value interpersonal facets of their health care experiences. Notably, there is a close link connecting the satisfaction of patients with the care they receive in health care facilities to interpersonal processes. Some of these critical interpersonal processes of care include patient-centered decision making, interpersonal style as well as communication. References Browne, K., Roseman, D., Shaller, D., Edgman-Levitan, S. (2010). Analysis commentary measuring patient experience as a strategy for improving primary care. Health Affairs, 29(5), 921-925. Patel, I., Chang, J., Srivastava, J., Feldman, S., Levender, M., Balkrishnan, R. (2011). Patient satisfaction with obstetricians and gynecologists compared with other specialties: analysis of US self-reported survey data. Patient related outcome measures, 2, 21.